Checking for Cycles in Directed graphs

So i recently came across the concept of checking whether Cycles are present in Directed graphs.
I wrote this code snippet.

#include <bits/stdc++.h>
using namespace std;

map<int, int> instack;  // maps all those nodes who are currently in stack to 1 
vector<int>adj[100005];
void dfs(int s) // s is source
{
    instack[s]=1;
    for (int i = 0; i < adj[s].size(); i++)
    {
        dfs(adj[s][i]);
        if(instack[adj[s][i]]==1) {f=1;return;} // found a node already present in stack
    }
    instack[s]=0;
}

Apparently this is not correct. It failed in 2 test cases in one example question. I compared my code to other present online. The only difference i found was that they were also maintaining a set of fully visited nodes(what we call black set). I don’t think that is much needed here. But apparently my thinking is not very correct here.

Please tell why and at what case this snippet will fail

One obvious mistake is that you won’t call the function at all if there are no source nodes. Think of a cycle with n nodes and n edges.

this is not the issue. I even tried calling function with each node itself as node.

How exactly did it fail? TLE or WA?

WA.
it gave disconnected in 2 cases while the answer was connected