PRINTINGBIN - Editorial

PROBLEM LINK:

Practice
Contest: Division 1
Contest: Division 2
Contest: Division 3
Contest: Division 4

Author: satyam_343
Tester: udhav2003
Editorialist: iceknight1093

DIFFICULTY:

1130

PREREQUISITES:

None

PROBLEM:

The score of a binary array equals the number of adjacent pairs of unequal elements in it.

Given a binary array A of length N, find a binary array C also of length N such that C \neq A, but score\left(A\right) = score\left(C\right).

EXPLANATION:

The simplest way to achieve score\left(A\right) = score\left(C\right) is to ensure that:

  • if A_i = A_{i+1}, then C_i = C_{i+1}
  • If A_i \neq A_{i+1}, then C_i \neq C_{i+1}

Then, any index which contributes to A's score also contributes to C's score and vice versa, so they’ll surely have the same score.
However, we also need to ensure that A \neq C.

To achieve this, one easy construction is to just invert A.
That is,

  • If A_i = 0, set C_i = 1
  • If A_i = 1, set C_i = 0

This guarantees A \neq C (in fact, none of their indices match!), and it’s not hard to see that the adjacency relation is preserved (A_i = A_{i+1} if and only if C_i = C_{i+1}) hence their scores are equal.
This solves the problem.

TIME COMPLEXITY

\mathcal{O}(N) per test case.

CODE:

Author's code (C++)
#pragma GCC optimization("O3")
#pragma GCC optimize("Ofast,unroll-loops")
#include <bits/stdc++.h>   
#include <ext/pb_ds/tree_policy.hpp>
#include <ext/pb_ds/assoc_container.hpp>
using namespace __gnu_pbds;
using namespace std;
#define ll long long  
const ll INF_MUL=1e13;
const ll INF_ADD=1e18;  
#define pb push_back               
#define mp make_pair        
#define nline "\n"                         
#define f first                                          
#define s second                                               
#define pll pair<ll,ll> 
#define all(x) x.begin(),x.end()   
#define vl vector<ll>         
#define vvl vector<vector<ll>>    
#define vvvl vector<vector<vector<ll>>>          
#ifndef ONLINE_JUDGE    
#define debug(x) cerr<<#x<<" "; _print(x); cerr<<nline;
#else
#define debug(x);  
#endif     
void _print(int x){cerr<<x;}    
void _print(ll x){cerr<<x;}  
void _print(char x){cerr<<x;} 
void _print(string x){cerr<<x;}     
mt19937 rng(chrono::steady_clock::now().time_since_epoch().count()); 
template<class T,class V> void _print(pair<T,V> p) {cerr<<"{"; _print(p.first);cerr<<","; _print(p.second);cerr<<"}";}
template<class T>void _print(vector<T> v) {cerr<<" [ "; for (T i:v){_print(i);cerr<<" ";}cerr<<"]";}
template<class T>void _print(set<T> v) {cerr<<" [ "; for (T i:v){_print(i); cerr<<" ";}cerr<<"]";}
template<class T>void _print(multiset<T> v) {cerr<< " [ "; for (T i:v){_print(i);cerr<<" ";}cerr<<"]";}
template<class T,class V>void _print(map<T, V> v) {cerr<<" [ "; for(auto i:v) {_print(i);cerr<<" ";} cerr<<"]";} 
typedef tree<ll, null_type, less<ll>, rb_tree_tag, tree_order_statistics_node_update> ordered_set;
typedef tree<ll, null_type, less_equal<ll>, rb_tree_tag, tree_order_statistics_node_update> ordered_multiset;
typedef tree<pair<ll,ll>, null_type, less<pair<ll,ll>>, rb_tree_tag, tree_order_statistics_node_update> ordered_pset;
//--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
const ll MOD=998244353;   
const ll MAX=500500;
vector<ll> fact(MAX+2,1),inv_fact(MAX+2,1);
ll binpow(ll a,ll b,ll MOD){
    ll ans=1;
    a%=MOD;  
    while(b){
        if(b&1)
            ans=(ans*a)%MOD;
        b/=2;
        a=(a*a)%MOD;
    }
    return ans;
}
ll inverse(ll a,ll MOD){
    return binpow(a,MOD-2,MOD);
} 
void precompute(ll MOD){
    for(ll i=2;i<MAX;i++){
        fact[i]=(fact[i-1]*i)%MOD;
    }
    inv_fact[MAX-1]=inverse(fact[MAX-1],MOD);
    for(ll i=MAX-2;i>=0;i--){
        inv_fact[i]=(inv_fact[i+1]*(i+1))%MOD;
    }
}  
ll nCr(ll a,ll b,ll MOD){
    if(a==b){
        return 1;  
    }        
    if((a<0)||(a<b)||(b<0))      
        return 0;     
    ll denom=(inv_fact[b]*inv_fact[a-b])%MOD;  
    return (denom*fact[a])%MOD;     
}
void solve(){   
    ll n; cin>>n;
    for(ll i=1;i<=n;i++){
        ll x; cin>>x;
        x=1-x;
        cout<<x<<" \n"[i==n]; 
    }   
    return;  
}                   
int main()                                                                             
{                       
    ios_base::sync_with_stdio(false);                             
    cin.tie(NULL);                            
    #ifndef ONLINE_JUDGE               
    freopen("input.txt", "r", stdin);                                             
    freopen("output.txt", "w", stdout);  
    freopen("error.txt", "w", stderr);                        
    #endif    
    ll test_cases=1;                   
    cin>>test_cases;
    precompute(MOD); 
    while(test_cases--){   
        solve();     
    }
    cout<<fixed<<setprecision(10);
    cerr<<"Time:"<<1000*((double)clock())/(double)CLOCKS_PER_SEC<<"ms\n"; 
} 
Editorialist's code (Python)
for _ in range(int(input())):
    n = int(input())
    a = list(map(int, input().split()))
    c = []
    for x in a: c.append(1 - x)
    print(*c)